Forests play an indispensable role in mitigating climate change, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring clean air and water. However, escalating environmental challenges threaten these crucial ecosystems globally. Amid this, India is showcasing a positive transformation in its forest conservation efforts.
The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023 reveals that the country’s forest and tree cover now spans 827,357 square kilometers, accounting for 25.17% of its total land area. This includes 715,343 square kilometers (21.76%) of forest cover and 112,014 square kilometers (3.41%) of tree cover. The report highlights the growth of forest cover from 698,712 square kilometers in 2013 to 715,343 square kilometers in 2023, reflecting India’s commitment to sustainable development and conservation.
Progress in Forest Conservation
India’s efforts to expand forest cover have also contributed significantly to the reduction of carbon emissions. As per the ISFR 2023, the country has achieved a carbon sink of 30.43 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent, with an additional 2.29 billion tonnes of carbon sink created in forest and tree cover since 2005. This progress brings India closer to its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) target of creating a carbon sink of 2.5 to 3.0 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030.
The report also notes a decrease in forest fire incidents, with 203,544 fire hotspots recorded in 2023-24, compared to 223,333 in 2021-22. This decline underscores improved forest management and monitoring systems.
Key Government Initiatives
India’s achievements in forest conservation are backed by robust government schemes and initiatives:
- National Mission for a Green India (GIM): Launched in 2014, this mission enhances forest cover through restoration and eco-restoration efforts. Over ₹944.48 crore has been allocated to states and UTs for plantations and afforestation.
- Nagar Van Yojana (NVY): Introduced in 2020, this scheme focuses on urban greenery, with 546 projects approved across 31 states/UTs.
- Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI): A five-year initiative (2023-2028) aimed at restoring mangroves along India’s coastline.
- School Nursery Yojana (SNY): Encourages schools to raise awareness about tree planting, fostering environmental stewardship among students.
- National Forest Inventory and Forest Fire Alert System: Improved monitoring and management tools have enhanced forest fire resilience and conservation efforts.
- Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign: Launched in 2024, this initiative emphasizes community participation in tree planting, promoting a cultural connection to nature.
A Legal Framework for Conservation
India’s forest and wildlife conservation efforts are underpinned by a robust legal framework, including the Indian Forest Act, 1927, the Van Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan Adhiniyam, 1980, and the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. These laws, combined with state-specific legislation and rules, ensure sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation.
India’s achievements in forest and tree cover growth, coupled with a significant reduction in fire incidents, demonstrate the nation’s dedication to combating climate change and preserving its natural heritage. Through a mix of innovative policies, community-driven initiatives, and effective legal enforcement, India is setting a global example of sustainable development. As the nation continues to advance its environmental goals, the journey toward a greener, healthier future remains promising.
