India has significantly strengthened its approach to e-waste management with the implementation of the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, which came into force on April 1, 2023. These revised rules replace the 2016 regulations and aim to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of electronic waste.
The rules introduced an improved Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regime, requiring manufacturers, producers, refurbishers, and recyclers to register on a dedicated portal developed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This move seeks to formalize the e-waste recycling sector, bringing informal operators into a regulated framework and ensuring environmentally sound recycling practices. Key features of the rules include provisions for environmental compensation, verification, and audits, further promoting a circular economy through EPR and scientific e-waste management.
These efforts align with the goals of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, focusing on e-waste reduction, reuse, proper disposal, accountability, and environmental sustainability. By promoting recycling and refurbishing, the rules aim to conserve resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and support sustainable development goals such as circular economy and resource efficiency.
Responsibilities and Implementation
The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 assign specific responsibilities to various stakeholders:
Urban and Rural Local Bodies are tasked with segregating, collecting, and channeling e-waste (especially when mixed with municipal solid waste) to registered recyclers or refurbishers. They are also responsible for managing “orphan” e-waste (products from defunct companies), facilitating the establishment of e-waste management systems, and conducting training sessions.
Under Rule 6, producers are mandated to register on the EPR portal, meet EPR targets (as per Schedules III and IV), conduct awareness campaigns, and file regular returns.
Key Initiatives for Enhanced E-Waste Management
The government has outlined several initiatives to enhance awareness and improve e-waste recycling infrastructure nationwide
Action Plan Implementation: The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 are being implemented through an action plan enforced by State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs). This plan includes public awareness campaigns and efforts to address informal e-waste handling activities, with SPCBs and district administrations conducting drives to identify such activities.
EPR Portal Enhancement: The government aims to integrate more stakeholders and improve transparency through the e-waste EPR portal, which will also be used for auditing stakeholders.
Orphan E-Waste Management: Local bodies will play a key role in managing uncollected, historical, and orphaned e-waste.
Capacity Building: The government will coordinate with state governments and local bodies to develop capacity for e-waste management.
Public Awareness Programs: Programs will be organized to raise public awareness about e-waste management and recycling.
